Electrochemical Applications for Ultrasonic Waves

Abstract

Ultrasonic waves at intensities sufficient for cavitation have been found to produce relatively large effects on such electrochemical processes as the corrosion of metals in electrolytic solutions, the anodic dissolution of metals, the formation of gases at electrodes during electrolyses, the electrodeposition of metals, and electrodialysis. A systematic study of several of these effects has been made in order to establish the fundamental nature of the effects. Ranked in order of importance, the basic mechanisms are as follows: (1) the disruption of concentration gradients at the electrode surfaces, (2) the partial destruction or removal of surface layers such as oxides on the electrode surfaces through cavitation, and (3) the partial degassing of the solution immediately adjacent to the electrode surface. The actual and potential practical significance of these various electrochemical effects will be evaluated. [Based in part on research supported by the Office of Naval Research.]