Abstract
Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting methods must be developed to establish a sustainable energy system. In this study, we prepared Group X hetero-metal oxides and studied their (photo)electrochemical properties. Their electrochemical oxygen evolution activities improved as follows: PtO ≪ Ni/NiO < PdO + Ni/NiO < PtOx + Ni/NiO. During deposition of the nanoparticles on a nanorod-shaped TiO2 surface, we observed interesting chemical and photoelectrochemical reactivities varied by the hetero-metal oxides nanoparticles. The Group X hetero-metal oxides on the TiO2 photoanode systematically enhanced catalytic activities for the photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution reaction, while decreasing the surface charge recombination and modulating the TiO2 band gap. The Pt/PtOx + Ni/NiO hetero-metal oxides acted as the most efficient cocatalyst on the TiO2 surface with a photocurrent of 2.62 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE and 70% IPCE value, which is ~4 times higher than a pristine TiO2.
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