Abstract

Square-wave voltammetry of solid naphtho- quinone, anthraquinone, and flavone dyes, carmine, co- chineal red, indigo, and Prussian blue, was compared to microanalysis (sample consumption <1 mg) of tradi- tional painting pigments and dyes without their pre- liminary dissolution. Electrochemical analysis was also performed after the samples' hydrolysis simultaneously with thin-layer chromatography. Anthraquinone-based pigments and Prussian blue are reversibly reduced, co- chineal red and lac dyes are irreversibly reduced, flavones are mostly reversibly oxidized, dragon's blood is irre- versibly oxidized and reduced, and indigo yields both reversible oxidation and reduction. The potential window of these reactions is about 1.4 V wide. This variability permits identification of the kind of pigment or dye, and directly distinguishes, for example, alizarin and purpurin; luteolin and quercetin; or indigo and Prussian blue.

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