Abstract

A 75-year-old man (weight, 89 kg; height, 170 cm), with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, first degree atrioventricular (AV) block, and stage 3 chronic kidney disease, was scheduled for an outpatient right total knee arthroplasty. He denied a history of anesthetic complications, surgical implants, or implantable cardiac devices. Preoperative electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed normal sinus rhythm with first-degree AV block with a PR interval of 272 ms. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography revealed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 60% to 65% with mild concentric hypertrophy, moderate aortic calcification, and mild tricuspid regurgitation.

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