Electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH at gold nanoparticles loaded poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrene sulfonic acid) film modified electrode and integration of alcohol dehydrogenase for alcohol sensing

Abstract

A new modified electrode is fabricated by dispersing gold nanoparticles onto the matrix of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrene sulfonic acid), PEDOT–PSS. The electrocatalytic activity of the PEDOT–PSS-Au nano electrode towards the oxidation of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is investigated. A substantial decrease in the overpotential (>0.7 V) has been observed for the oxidation of NADH at the PEDOT–PSS-Au nano electrode in comparison to the potential at PEDOT–PSS electrode. The Au nanoparticles dispersed in the PEDOT–PSS matrix prevents the fouling of electrode surface by the oxidation products of NADH and augments the oxidation of NADH at a less positive potential (+0.04 V vs. SCE). The electrode shows high sensitivity to the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH. Further, the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid does not interfere during the detection of NADH. Important practical advantages such as stability of the electrode (retains ∼95% of its original activity after 20 days), reproducibility of the measurements (R.S.D.: 2.8%; n = 5), selectivity and wide linear dynamic range (1–80 μM; R 2 = 0.996) are achieved at PEDOT–PSS-Au nano electrode. The ability of PEDOT–PSS-Au nano electrode to promote the electron transfer between NADH and the electrode makes us to fabricate a biocompatible dehydrogenase-based biosensor for the measurement of ethanol. The biosensor showed high sensitivity to ethanol with rapid detection, good reproducibility and excellent stability.