Electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine on magnetic bar carbon paste electrode modified with benzothiazole and iron oxide nanoparticles: Simultaneous determination of hydrazine and phenol

Abstract

A magnetic bar carbon paste electrode (MBCPE) modified with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (DPB) for the electrochemical determination of hydrazine was developed. The DPB was firstly self-assembled on the Fe3O4NPs, and the resulting Fe3O4NPs/DPB composite was then absorbed on the designed MBCPE. The MBCPE was used to attract the magnetic nanoparticles to the electrode surface. Owing to its high conductivity and large effective surface area, the novel electrode had a very large current response for the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine. The modified electrode was characterized by voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Voltammetric methods were used to study the electrochemical behaviour of hydrazine on MBCPE/Fe3O4NPs/DPB in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.0). The MBCPE/Fe3O4NPs/DPB, acting as an electrochemical sensor, exhibited very high electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of hydrazine. The presence of DPB was found to reduce the oxidation potential of hydrazine and increase the catalytic current. The dependence of the electrocatalytic current on the hydrazine concentration exhibited two linear ranges, 0.1–0.4 μmol/L and 0.7–12.0 μmol/L, with a detection limit of 18.0 nmol/L. Additionally, the simultaneous determination of hydrazine and phenol was investigated using the MBCPE/Fe3O4NPs/DPB electrode. Voltammetric experiments showed a linear range of 100–470 μmol/L and a detection limit of 24.3 μmol/L for phenol, and the proposed electrode was applied to the determination of hydrazine and phenol in water samples.