Electrocatalytic Ketyl-Olefin Cyclization at a Favorable Applied Bias Enabled by a Concerted Proton-Electron Transfer Mediator.

Abstract

Recent studies showcase reductive concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) as a powerful strategy for transferring a net hydrogen atom to organic substrates; however, direct application of CPET in the context of C-C bond formation beyond homocoupling is underexplored. We report herein the expansion of electrocatalytic CPET (eCPET) using a Brønsted base-appended cobaltocene mediator ([CpCoCpNMe2][OTf]) with keto-olefin substrates that undergo cyclization subsequent to ketyl radical generation via eCPET. Using acetophenone-derived substrates with tethered acrylates as radical acceptors, in the presence of tosylic acid, we demonstrate that ketyl-olefin cyclization is achieved by characterization of cis-lactone and alkene products. Mechanistic analysis of this 2 H+/2 e- process reveals a mixed order in substrate and acid and a Hammett plot with a modest negative slope, highlighting the contribution of sequential CPET and ET/PT steps involved in the overall rate of the reaction and providing support for initial O-H bond formation. The ability to access ketyl radicals at comparatively mild reduction potentials via controlled potential electrolysis enables functional group tolerance across a range of substrates.