Electrocatalytic enhancement of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ electrochemiluminescence for gemcitabine detection toward precision measurement via gold nanoparticle addition

Abstract

With a rise in the development and subsequent employment of precision medicine, their lies an immediate necessity for the development of technology to enable the implementation of such treatment plans into the healthcare environment. Electrochemistry stands to offer one of the most viable techniques for such technologies given its success within current medical devices. One electrochemical technique, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), warrants investigation. Previously we have determined the inability to reliably detect cancer therapy gemcitabine via traditional ruthenium based ECL. Here we demonstrate how the addition of gold nanoparticles into the ECL film can promote GMB detection via enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation, generating the required ECL radicals. Via this approach we have been able to improve the ECL signal intensity 60-fold and achieve detection down to 6.25 µM across a linear range of 6.25–50 µM. Which lies within the therapeutically relevant range. This approach has successfully addressed the prior limitations encountered for the employment of traditional ruthenium based ECL for substance identification, where species exhibit limited electro-activity and suffer from electrochemically induced side reactions.