Electrocardiography in pulmonary hypertension: search for new diagnostic possibilities (literature review)

Abstract

The review covers current clinical guidelines for the use of electrocardiography (ECG) in examining patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), provides data on the correlation of ECG parameters with hemodynamic parameters in PH, discusses the possibilities of using ECG in PH screening, including the inclusion of ECG parameters in clinical scales. Particular attention is paid to data on the relationship between ECG changes and the prognosis of patients with PH and the use of ECG to assess the effectiveness of PH treatment, in particular, pulmonary artery balloon angioplasty in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Special sections are devoted to such ways of improving electrocardiographic diagnostics of PH as the use of three-dimensional vectorcardiographic parameters and ECG processing using deep machine learning methods. The paper describes «soft» functional tests that can potentially provide useful information in the diagnosis of PH (fluid challenge, passive leg raise, deep inhalation).