Electrocardiographic predictors of response to sacubitril/valsartan therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Abstract

BackgroundSacubitril/valsartan (SV) is currently recommended as a first-line therapy in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) due to its significant clinical and prognostic benefit; however, not all patients respond to therapy and predictors of clinical response to SV remain under-studied. AimsTo identify electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors of response to SV therapy in HFrEF patients. MethodsA retrospective analysis of a hospital heart failure registry was undertaken. Consecutive HFrEF patients (New York Heart Association class II–III) on maximal-dose SV were studied. Response to SV was defined as ≥10% relative improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 3-months post-maximal-dose therapy. Pre-therapy ECGs were retrospectively analyzed for axes and standard wave and interval durations. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between predictors and therapeutic response. Backward stepwise regression was employed to develop a parsimonious model. ResultsP-wave duration (PWD) 100–120 ms, PWD >120 ms, and QTc >460 ms were associated with response to SV on univariate analysis: OR 18.00 (4.45–122.90), 5.00 (1.47–20.42), and 3.10 (1.18–9.22), respectively. The preferred model that included the former two predictors in combination with pre-therapy creatinine, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use, and LVEF was highly selective (area under the ROC curve = 0.868). ConclusionsProlongation of both PWD and QTc interval on baseline ECG in HFrEF patients is predictive of therapeutic response to maximal-dose SV therapy and may indicate early cardiac remodeling that is highly amenable to reversal.