Electrocardiographic Morphology-Voltage-P-Wave-Duration (MVP) Score to Select Patients for Continuous Atrial Fibrillation Screening to Prevent Stroke

Abstract

Morphology-voltage-P-wave-duration (MVP) score combining P-wave duration (PWD), P-wave voltage in lead I (PWVI), and interatrial block (IAB) has been demonstrated to predict atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore, this study aimed to examine MVP score and its P-wave components as potential predictors of AF screening effects on stroke prevention. This was a secondary analysis of the LOOP Study (Atrial Fibrillation detected by Continuous ECG Monitoring using Implantable Loop Recorder to prevent Stroke in High-risk Individuals) which randomized older persons (aged 70 to 90years) with additional stroke risk factors to either continuous monitoring with implantable loop recorder and anticoagulation upon detection of AF episodes ≥6minutes (the intervention group), or usual care. A total of 5,759 participants were included in the present analysis, where PWD, PWVI, and IAB were determined through a computerized analysis of 12-lead electrocardiogram and further employed to calculate baseline MVP score (0 to 6) for each participant. In total, 305 (5.3%) had stroke or systemic embolism during follow-up, with a higher risk in the group with MVP score 5 to 6 than those having score 0 to 2 (hazard ratio (HR) 1.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 2.35]). This risk increase was mainly upheld by participants with IAB (HR 1.62 [95% CI 1.11 to 2.36] for IAB vs no IAB) and with longer PWD (HR 1.37 [95% CI 1.07 to 1.75] for >110 vs ≤110ms). Compared with usual care, implantable loop recorder screening did not significantly reduce the risk of stroke or systemic embolism in any MVP risk categories (HR 0.80 [95% CI 0.60 to 1.08] for MVP score 0 to 2, 0.54 [95% CI 0.16 to 1.85] for MVP score 3 to 4, and 0.89 [95% CI 0.35 to 2.25] for MVP score 5 to 6; pinteraction=0.78). In conclusion, a higher MVP score was associated with an increased stroke risk, but it did not demonstrate an association with effects of AF screening on stroke prevention. These findings should be considered hypothesis-generating and warrant further study.