ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CONTROL FOR CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN SPORTSMEN AT PRECOMPETITION TRAINING

Abstract

Aim. To investigate on the electrocardiographic specifics of sportsmen at various stages of training and competition processes according to the sport type, intensity and training load type. Material and methods. Totally, 136 male sportsmen assessed. Qualified sportsmen 116 persons (groups of improvement and mastery, age 22,07±4,10 y.o., in-sport time 5-15 years) were selected to the groups: I — wrestling (n=30), II — ski racing, biathlon (n=27), III — powerlifting (n=33), IV — volleyball (n=26). Group V — the controls (n=20), age 17,95±1,55 y.o., in-sport less than 3 years. Study methods were electrocardiography (ECG), Holter monitoring of ECG, echocardiography (EchoCG), veloergometry (VEM). Results. During the preparation period of training-competition process, ECG changes, including cardiac rhythm disorders (CRD), were found in 93 of 136, that is 86 (63,2%) of quality sportsmen and 7 (5,1%) of controls (p=0,00001); during competition period — in 104 (76,5%) and 8 (5,9%) (p=0,00001), respectively. The prevalence of ECG changes in quality sportsmen at preparation tranings was 116 cases, in competition period — 165 (p<0,05). During the competition period, there was not just an increase of total number of CRD sportsmen, but sinus bradicardia cases number (p=0,0321), His bundle branches blocks (p=0,0455), repolarization disorders (p=0,0034) and other changes, including concomitant. In 15 sportsmen there were first time discovered CRD required more detailed investigation (serious bradicardia, ventricular extrasystoly (VE), two-bundle blocks, WPW phenomenon, serious repolarization disorders). Conclusion. With the increase of mastery, there is increased rate of ECG changes and CRD cases, that demands additional dynamic electrocardiographic control during the process of intensive training at competition period.