Electrocardiographic changes evoked by ajmaline in chronic chagas' disease without manifest myocarditis

Abstract

Conversion from Chagas' infection to chagasic myocarditis occurs slowly and the earliest signs of myocardial involvement are hard to define. To obtain new information on this difficult clinical problem, ajmaline was administered (1 mg/kg body weight intravenously) to 101 patients with Chagas' infection and to 46 patients without such infection (control group). In 3 patients in the control group left anterior hemiblock alone occurred whereas in the group with Chagas' infection, ajmaline caused the occurrence of right bundle branch block, left anterior hemiblock, or both, in 32 patients (31.6 percent), ventricular extrasystoles in 8 (7.9 percent) and ischemic ST-T changes in 7 (6.9 percent). Ajmaline may thus evoke the most typical electrocardiographic changes of chronic chagasic myocarditis in patients without signs of myocardial involvement or only minor nonspecific signs. A positive ajmaline test, defined in the present context as the occurrence of a fascicular block, ventricular arrhythmias or ischemic ST-T changes, may indicate the existence of localized areas of injured myocardial tissue, not enough to alter the electrocardiogram by itself, but able to give rise to severe abnormalities after exposure to the drug. The test may therefore be used as a nonspecific detector of myocardial damage, and thus may have a much broader scope of clinical application. In chronic Chagas' infection, the ajmaline test is a relatively simple and apparently safe procedure that may serve to unveil the earliest signs of chagasic myocarditis.