Electrocardiographic abnormalities and psychotropic polypharmacy in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders

Abstract

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a significant cause for increased mortality in people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Cardiac arrhythmia is one cause of SCD. Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities predictive of arrhythmias are associated with antipsychotic drug use. Method: This chart audit examined the types and frequency of ECG abnormalities (ECG-Abs) in 169 patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in a long-stay inpatient unit. We examined the association of ECG-Abs with demographic details and psychotropic drug prescription using chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact test, independent two-sample t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and one-way ANOVA. Results: Eighty-eight patients (52.1%) recorded at least one ECG-Ab, and 20.7% had two or more ECG-Abs. The use of multiple antipsychotics, with or without other psychotropic drugs, did not associate significantly with the presence or number of ECG-Abs. Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder have ECG-Abs other than prolonged QTc interval, which can predispose them to cardiac arrhythmias. The abnormalities were not limited to patients on psychotropic polypharmacy. ECG evaluation is indicated for all patients and should consider various electrical abnormalities to identify arrhythmia risk.