Abstract
We have previously described new electrocardiogram (ECG) findings for massive pulmonary embolism, namely ST-segment elevation in lead aVR with ST-segment depression in leads I and V4 -V6 . However, the ECG patterns of patients with acute pulmonary embolism during hemodynamic instability are not fully described. We compared the differences between the ECG at baseline and after deterioration during hemodynamic instability in twenty patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Compared with the ECG at baseline, three ischemic ECG patterns were found during clinical deterioration with hemodynamic instability: ST-segment elevation in lead aVR with concomitant ST-segment depression in leads I and V4 -V6 , ST-segment elevation in leads V1 -V3 /V4 , and ST-segment elevation in leads III and/or V1 /V2 with concomitant ST-segment depression in leads V4 /V5 -V6 . Ischemic ECG patterns with concomitant S1Q3 and/or abnormal QRS morphology in lead V1 were more common (90%) during hemodynamic instability than at baseline (5%) (P = 0.001). Hemodynamic instability in acute pulmonary embolism is reflected by signs of myocardial ischemia combined with the right ventricular strain pattern in the 12-lead ECG.
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