Electroanalytical methods for determination of antiviral drugs in pharmaceutical formulation and biological fluids: A review

Abstract

• In this review, electroanalytical methods developed for the determination of antiviral drugs have been compiled. • The theory of the developed methods is given briefly. • The operating conditions of all reported methods are summarized. • The application area and sensitivities of the method are reported. Viruses can infect all kinds of life forms, from humans, animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea, and can cause serious illness, including a pandemic. Antivirals act as a blocking mechanism against the viral replication cycle at various stages to treat viral infections. Currently, antiviral therapy is available for a limited number of infections and is mainly used to minimize symptoms, further spread, and shorten the duration of the illness. For this reason, it is very important to develop fast, precise and reliable methods to analyze antiviral drugs from dosage forms or biological samples. Electroanalytical methods have been used frequently in the analysis of antiviral drugs comprising of different structures. Electrochemical methods have an important place among analytical methods with their unique features such as specificity, high sensitivity, reliability, economical, easy sample preparation, and no pre-analysis process. The purpose of this review article is to compile published electrochemical methods for the determination of antiviral drugs in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. In addition to these applied methods, the types of electrodes used, and the materials used in the modification and designation of these electrodes are classified and briefly explained with their limitations. Published all electrochemical methods for the determination of antiviral drugs in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids have been compiled so far. Detailed application conditions, electrodes with their materials are classified and explained with their limitations.