Abstract
A complex transfer function is defined which relates the sound pressure at a point on the principal axis of a loudspeaker to the electrical input of the speaker. The argument of this function consists of an angle representing the phase shift in the speaker itself, plus an angle proportional to frequency representing travel time. By using an electrical delay line to match the travel time, the phase shift in the speaker itself can be measured directly. Typical phase functions for moving-coil and electrostatic loudspeakers are shown; the general behavior of these curves is explained in terms of the known mechanical properties of the speakers. The effect of loudspeaker phase distortion on transients and correlation functions is discussed. Finally, the possibility is explored of using such phase measurements in the phasing of multiple-speaker systems.
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