Electro-farming, or the applications of electricity to agriculture

Abstract

The term electro-farming is defined, and the importance of agriculture as the world's largest industry is emphasized. Based on experimental work conducted on a commercial scale, the author considers that the highest efficiency in farming can be reached only by electrical methods. The applications of electricity on the farm are many and are shown in an exhaustive table under the following classification:-(1) Uses in the farm buildings, (2) on the farm land, (3) crop treatment, (4) in the farm house. The farmer is really a manufacturer, but his present methods are based on abundant cheap labour and unlimited time. Before the engineer can apply modern manufacturing principles he must understand the technicalities of farming. Data are given to show that the farm load is an attractive one from the central station standpoint, and a simple distribution system is outlined. Restricted maximum demand is advocated as a basis for power rates, as it encourages the extended use of electricity. Simple and robust design is essential in all farm machinery. The use of electric motors is discussed and tables are given of motor sizes required for various duties and of the work done per unit consumed. Inexpensive and simple arrangements of portable motors are described. In the Appendix, which follows the classification stated above, examples are given of the profitable use of electric light, e. g. in avoiding milk loss, increasing winter egg production, etc. A suitable wiring system is described. Other farm-building uses of electricity considered in some detail are milk sterilization, and the incubation and rearing of poultry. Reference is made to the weather reports issued by wireless from the Meteorological Office. Irrigation is considered, and the present position of electric ploughing is discussed at length. Single-rope haulage is the most suitable method at present available and is adapted for use in small fields. In the case of