Abstract
Modern hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) like the fourth generation of Toyota Prius incorporate multiple planetary gears (PG) to interconnect various power components. Previous studies reported that increasing the number of planetary gears from one to two reduces energy consumption. However, these studies did not compare one PG and two PGs topologies at their optimal operation. Moreover, the size of the powertrain components are not the same and hence the source of reduction in energy consumption is not clear. This paper investigates the effect of the number of planetary gears on energy consumption under optimal operation of the powertrain components. The powertrains with one and two PGs are considered and an optimal simultaneous torque distribution and mode selection strategy is proposed. The proposed energy management strategy (EMS) optimally distributes torque demands amongst the power components whilst also controlling clutches (i.e., mode selection). Results show that increasing from one to two PGs reduces energy consumption by 4%.
Highlights
Fuel economy improvement is a vital research topic in the automotive industry because of environmental concerns and limited crude oil supplies
For the drivetrain with 2-planetary gears (PG) topology, Motor Generator 2 (MG2) connects to the sun gear of the second PG (S2), Motor Generator 1 (MG1) connects to the sun gear of the first PG (S1), whilst the engine connects to the carrier gear of the second PG (C2)
A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) was designed as a mathematical modelling language for linear programming but was later extended to integer, mixed-integer linear, mixed-integer nonlinear and complementarity problems [25]
Summary
Fuel economy improvement is a vital research topic in the automotive industry because of environmental concerns and limited crude oil supplies. 2-PG-HEV designs incorporated by Toyota Prius and Chevrolet Volt are claimed to provide improved fuel economy compared to their 1-PG counterparts [6,9] for the Federal Urban Drive Cycle (FUDS) In both cases, increasing the number of clutches increases the number of modes. There is a need for a systematic screening and analysis of modes to identify optimal topology to minimise fuel consumption The latter is controlled by the mode selection and by the Energy Management Strategy (EMS). Development of an optimal EMS for the electrified powertrains with multiple PGs, to distribute torque demands amongst power components, as well as to simultaneously select the mode of operation of gearbox.
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