Abstract
This study investigated the direct use of animal manure for electricity generation under various conditions. Animal manures were collected from corresponding farms, sieved through 2 mm mesh, mixed with sea sand at a ratio of 1:1 w/w using distilled water, and transferred to transparent plastic cups containing a cathode and an anode connected together. Fifty cups were serially connected to form an environmental battery. The study demonstrated that direct use of animal manure for electricity generation produced electricity with high-voltage and current that, after 96 h of installation, was higher than previously published studies. The study revealed the effects of sunlight, temperature and manure sterilization on electricity generation. The environmental battery has a life of 40–60 days of sustainable electricity generation with the following order: horse manure > chicken manure > cow manure > sludge. In conclusion it is an advantageous option to produce electricity from animal manure as a cheap resource.
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