Electrically Tunable Left-Handed Textile Metamaterial for Microwave Applications.

Kabir Hossain,Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin,Mohamed Nasrun Osman,Samir Salem Al-Bawri,Muzammil Jusoh,Hasliza A Rahim,Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin,Ping Jack Soh,Nitin Saluja,R Badlishah Ahmad,Thennarasan Sabapathy

doi:10.3390/ma14051274

Kabir Hossain, Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051274

Copy DOI

Abstract

An electrically tunable, textile-based metamaterial (MTM) is presented in this work. The proposed MTM unit cell consists of a decagonal-shaped split-ring resonator and a slotted ground plane integrated with RF varactor diodes. The characteristics of the proposed MTM were first studied independently using a single unit cell, prior to different array combinations consisting of 1 × 2, 2 × 1, and 2 × 2 unit cells. Experimental validation was conducted for the fabricated 2 × 2 unit cell array format. The proposed tunable MTM array exhibits tunable left-handed characteristics for both simulation and measurement from 2.71 to 5.51 GHz and provides a tunable transmission coefficient of the MTM. Besides the left-handed properties within the frequency of interest (from 1 to 15 GHz), the proposed MTM also exhibits negative permittivity and permeability from 8.54 to 10.82 GHz and from 10.6 to 13.78 GHz, respectively. The proposed tunable MTM could operate in a dynamic mode using a feedback system for different microwave wearable applications.

Highlights

Metamaterials (MTMs) are artificially engineered materials featuring flexibility in their electromagnetic (EM) properties [1]
To excite the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave, a perfect electric conductor (PEC) boundary was defined at the ±x-axis whereas a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) boundary was deFigure 2
To excite the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave, a perfect electric conductor (PEC) boundary was defined at the ±x-axis whereas a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) boundary was defined at the ±y-axis

Summary

Introduction

Metamaterials (MTMs) are artificially engineered materials featuring flexibility in their electromagnetic (EM) properties [1]. MTMs can be categorised as single-negative (SNG). Double-negative (DNG)/left-handed (LH) MTM, depending on the values of dielectric permittivity (ε) or magnetic permeability (μ). If either one of these properties is negative, the MTM is known as a SNG MTM. The SNG MTM with negative ε is known as the epsilon negative (ENG) MTM and SNG MTM with negative μ is known as mu-negative (MNG). The MTM with both negative permittivity and permeability is known as DNG/LH MTM [2,3]. The degree of reflection and refraction in a material can be calculated using the refractive index of a material based on its permittivity and permeability [1]

Methods

Results

Conclusion