Abstract
Pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) were introduced into conductive poly(methyl methacrylate)/graphene nanoplatelet (PMMA/GNP) composites to achieve a synergistic effect in the enhancement of the conductivity and the reduction in the percolation threshold by forming a 3-Dimensional(3-D) hybrid structure. Both the in-plane and perpendicular electrical properties were investigated. The synergies of hybrid fillers in the in-plane direction were more dependent on the total filler loading, while those in the perpendicular direction were significantly influenced by the GNP/CNT or GNP/f-CNT ratios. Typically, a schematic diagram of the evolution of the 3-D conductive pathways of PMMA/GNP/f-CNT composite at different GNP/f-CNT ratios was presented to explain this phenomenon. Moreover, tunable conductivity anisotropy (defined as the ratio of in-plane conductivity to perpendicular conductivity) ranging from 0.01 to 1000 was achieved, simply by constructing different conductive structures at various filler loadings or ratios in composites.Graphical abstractThe synergistic effect of GNPs and f-CNTs varies with the microstructural conductive network evolution at different filler ratios.
Highlights
Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) can be obtained by loading conductive fillers into insulating polymer matrices, which have received intensive attention from both the academy and industry [1]
A peak at 1720 cm−1 was observed for f-carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which is related to the (O = C–OH) stretching vibrations in the carboxylic acid group [50]
The smaller-sized functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) and CNTs were well embedded in the matrix, leading to a much smoother surface
Summary
Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) can be obtained by loading conductive fillers into insulating polymer matrices, which have received intensive attention from both the academy and industry [1]. Much attention is focused on the possibility of achieving a synergistic effect from the presence of two carbon fillers with different geometries and. (2) The conductivity of the ternary CPC is higher than the conductivity of either of the two binary CPCs while keeping the total filler fraction constant [22]. (3) The conductivity of the ternary CPC is higher than the conductivities of the both binary CPCs at the same total filler fraction [23,24,25,26]. (4) The experimental percolation threshold of the ternary CPC is lower than the predicted connecting line between the.
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