Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is an important seed-borne bacterial pathogen that causes black rot in brassica. Current seed disinfection methods for Xcc have disadvantages; chemical treatment has associated environmental risks, hot water immersion reduces germination, and dry heat treatment is protracted. Here, we treated Xcc-contaminated seeds with CAC-717, a recently developed disinfectant produced by applying an electric field and water flow to distilled water containing calcium hydrogen carbonate to produce mesoscopic crystals. The decimal reduction time (D-value) of Xcc suspension (8.22 log10 colony forming units (CFU)/mL) by CAC-717 treatment was 0.319 min. Treatment of Xcc-contaminated cabbage seeds at 25 °C for 30 min with CAC-717 significantly reduced bacterial cell numbers recovered from the seeds (0.36 log10 CFU/mL (SEM (standard error of the mean) = 0.23 log10 CFU/mL)) compared with distilled water treatment (3.52 log10 CFU/mL (SEM = 0.12 log10 CFU/mL)). Moreover, there was a lower incidence of black rot after treatment with CAC-717 (26.67% ± 3.33%) versus distilled water (56.67% ± 8.82%). For non-contaminated seeds, there was no significant difference in germination rate and plant stem length between distilled water and CAC-717 treatment after 5 days of cultivation. In conclusion, CAC-717 is a promising seed disinfectant without deleterious effects on germination or plant growth.
Highlights
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a pathogenic Gram-negative seed-borne bacterium [1] that causes black rot [2]
We have further extended these studies to determine whether CAC-717 can be applied as a safe and efficient seed disinfection technology
An aliquot (20 μL) of Xcc bacterial suspension was mixed with 20 μL of distilled water and incubated at 25 ◦C or 50 ◦C for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 5 min, because hot water treatment (50 ◦C) of cabbage seeds is considered the standard method for disease management [6,14,15,16]
Summary
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a pathogenic Gram-negative seed-borne bacterium [1] that causes black rot [2]. Seed treatments for Xcc disinfection include chemicals such as calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and hot acidified cupric acetate or zinc sulphate, as well as physical treatments such as hot water immersion and dry heat, none of these measures are totally effective [1,6,7,8]. These methods have disadvantages, such as decreasing the germination rate and increasing residual agricultural chemicals, and they involve a prolonged treatment time, among other disadvantages [6]. We discuss the effectiveness of CAC-717 for seed disinfection
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