Abstract
This paper reports the first known investigation of power dissipation and electrical breakdown in aerosol-jet-printed (AJP) graphene interconnects. The electrical performance of aerosol-jet printed (AJP) graphene was characterized using the Transmission Line Method (TLM). The electrical resistance decreased with increasing printing pass number (n); the lowest sheet resistance measured was 1.5 kΩ/sq. for n = 50. The role of thermal resistance (RTH) in power dissipation was studied using a combination of electrical breakdown thermometry and infrared (IR) imaging. A simple lumped thermal model ({boldsymbol{Delta }}{bf{T}}={bf{P}}{boldsymbol{times }}{{bf{R}}}_{{bf{TH}}}) and COMSOL Multiphysics was used to extract the total RTH, including interfaces. The RTH of AJP graphene on Kapton is ~27 times greater than that of AJP graphene on Al2O3 with a corresponding breakdown current density 10 times less on Kapton versus Al2O3.
Highlights
Despite the rising popularity of printing techniques, there is a growing need for ink formulations and materials to meet the demand of the electronics industry
Previous studies have reported on power dissipation processes for mechanically exfoliated, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and epitaxial grown graphene-based devices
The graphene flakes were dispersed in a mixture of 92.5% cyclohexanone and 7.5% terpineol, which has been shown to be compatible with AJP (Fig. 1a)[8]. This resulted in an ink concentration of 3.5 mg/ml, which was quantified by UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy and Beer-Lamberts law
Summary
Despite the rising popularity of printing techniques, there is a growing need for ink formulations and materials to meet the demand of the electronics industry. Graphene inks are typically produced through liquid phase exfoliation of graphite or chemical and/or thermal reduction of graphene oxide[31,32] These processes typically result in submicron graphene crystal domains, and give rise to numerous point defects within the lattice, and closed-contour defects around the flake’s edge[33]. As inkjet is typically a drop-on-demand process, the microstructure of inkjet printed graphene typically results in a well layered structure with varying amounts of porosity, depending on annealing conditions, ink properties, and the number of print passes. In this regard, graphene’s compatibility with AJP is less understood[8,9,34]. The information gained from this study is expected to provide new fundamental insights that will impact low-power and high-power applications of AJP graphene devices, as device models for both will require understanding the physical properties of such materials systems and printed devices
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