Abstract
ABSTRACT: In Brazil, humane slaughter regulation is in use since 2000; however it is not applied to fish. This paper studied parameters for electrical stunning using direct current waveform in South American catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and its subsequent effects on muscular pH and rigor mortis. Seventy fish were allocated into two groups. In group 125, fish were stunned using 125 Volts (V), 30 Hz, duty cycle of 90% and 1.3 Amp (A) applied for 30 s; in group 400, fish were stunned with 400 V, 30 Hz, duty cycle of 27%, 0.9 A, for 30 s. Unconsciousness time was determined through behavioural assessment. After slaughter, ten fish from each group were refrigerated for both measurements muscular pH and rigor mortis index (RMI) at 0, 3, 6, 24, 72 and 120 h. In 125, 14.4% (5/35) of fish were not effectively stunned, in contrast with 400 in which 100% of fish (35/35) were effectively stunned. The unconsciousness duration was higher in 400 group (87.7±16.1 s) in contrast with group 125 (66.6 ± 16.1 s). Until 6 h post mortem ninety percent of fish reached maximum rigor mortis (RMI=100%).
Highlights
Global production of fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic animals continued to grow and reached 170.9 million tonnes in 2016
Animals and location Fish evaluated in this study (Rhamdia quelen) belonged to the “Estação de Pesquisa em Piscicultura e Ecologia de Espécies Nativas” (Research Station in Fish Farming and Ecology of Native Species) of ITAIPU Binacional hydropower plant, in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, Southwest of Parana, Brazil, where they were raised in cages located in the water reservoir
The Itaipu reservoir has a flooded area of 1,350 km2 and three licensed aquaculture parks accounting for 24.9 ha for native fish farming (SILVA et al, 2012)
Summary
Crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic animals continued to grow and reached 170.9 million tonnes in 2016. Aquaculture production was 80 million tonnes in 2016, an increase of 5.2% from previous year (FAO, 2018a). According to website FAO statistics, in 2016, 509,285 tons of fish were produced in Brazil from aquaculture, presenting an increase of 5.4% in relation to the previous year (FAO, 2018b). The South American catfish Rhamdia quelen (Osteichthyes, Teleostei, Siluriformes, Pimelodidae, Rhamdia), locally known as jundiá, is a promising species for Brazilian fish farming. South American catfish production is 1,747 tons and represents 0.32% of Brazilian aquaculture (BRASIL, 2011). The estimates of South American catfish killed per year vary between 8,735 million to 582,000, Approved 12.29.20 Returned CR-2020-0547.R2 by the author 02.26.2C1 iência
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