Electrical shock hazard due to stray current

Abstract

The uncontrolled flow of continuous electric current over the earth, building steel, metallic piping, etc. has become a serious problem that lacks recognition by the greater part of the electrical industry. The resulting electric shocks appear to be of little concern to the majority of the electric utilities, electrical engineers or the public. However, with the advent of sensitive computers and electronic equipment, the problem will continue to grow. The electrical hazards associated with trailers, marinas and now ranges, and dryers being wired with only three wires has been recognized; this recognition has brought changes to the National Electrical Code. No longer can a single conductor serve as a neutral and ground. This logic must be extended to electrical services to residences, commercial establishments and industries to protect occupants from potentially hazardous electrical shocks. To promote full comprehension of the problem of uncontrolled flow of electric current over the earth, the human body's susceptibility to electric current and voltage is reviewed. In addition, Ohm's and Kirchoff's Laws are covered. The National Electrical Code (NEC) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers' (IEEE) National Electrical Safety Code (NESC), as they pertain to electrical services, are part of the paper. An actual case of electric shock in a shower is examined, and the steps taken to resolve the problem are detailed.