Electrical Response of Mechanically Damaged Lithium-Ion Batteries

Damoon Soudbakhsh,Elham Sahraei,William Lynch,Taeyoung Choi,Peilin Zhang,Mehdi Gilaki

doi:10.3390/en13174284

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries have found various modern applications due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge. However, increased use of these batteries has been accompanied by an increase in safety concerns, such as spontaneous fires or explosions due to impact or indentation. Mechanical damage to a battery cell is often enough reason to discard it. However, if an Electric Vehicle is involved in a crash, there is no means to visually inspect all the cells inside a pack, sometimes consisting of thousands of cells. Furthermore, there is no documented report on how mechanical damage may change the electrical response of a cell, which in turn can be used to detect damaged cells by the battery management system (BMS). In this research, we investigated the effects of mechanical deformation on electrical responses of Lithium-ion cells to understand what parameters in electrical response can be used to detect damage where cells cannot be visually inspected. We used charge-discharge cycling data, capacity fade measurement, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in combination with advanced modeling techniques. Our results indicate that many cell parameters may remain unchanged under moderate indentation, which makes detection of a damaged cell a challenging task for the battery pack and BMS designers.

Highlights

Lithium-ion Batteries (LIB) have high power/energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate [1,2], which make them the preferred power source in a wide range of applications such as in cell phones, electric vehicles, marine vessels, and airplanes
We present the response of four Lithium-ion cells that underwent 89 charge/discharge cycles
It can be seen from these figures that the model predicts the measured impedance from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) tests very well

Summary

Introduction

Lithium-ion Batteries (LIB) have high power/energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate [1,2], which make them the preferred power source in a wide range of applications such as in cell phones, electric vehicles, marine vessels, and airplanes. Accidental or abusive mechanical loading of these batteries become an issue when they are used in high-speed mobile applications such as vehicles. Researchers have studied the extent of mechanical damage that can create an internal short circuit in pouch and cylindrical batteries [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19].

Methods

Results

Conclusion