Abstract
We conducted a laser parameter study on CO2 laser induced electrical conductivity on a polyimide film. The induced electrical conductivity was found to occur dominantly at the center of the scanning line instead of uniformly across the whole line width. MicroRaman examination revealed that the conductivity was mainly a result of the multi-layers (4–5) of graphene structure induced at the laser irradiation line center. The graphene morphology at the line center appeared as thin wall porous structures together with nano level fiber structures. With sufficient energy dose per unit length and laser power, this surface modification for electrical conductivity was independent of laser pulse frequency but was instead determined by the average laser power. High electrical conductivity could be achieved by a single scan of laser beam at a sufficiently high-power level. To achieve high conductivity, it was not efficient nor effective to utilize a laser at low power but compensating it with a slower scanning speed or having multiple scans. The electrical resistance over a 10 mm scanned length decreased significantly from a few hundred Ohms to 30 Ohms when energy dose per unit length increased from 0.16 J/mm to 1.0 J/mm, i.e., the laser power increased from 5.0 W to 24 W with corresponding power density of 3.44 × 10 W/cm2 to 16.54 W/cm2 respectively at a speed of 12.5 mm/s for a single pass scan. In contrast, power below 5 W at speeds exceeding 22.5 mm/s resulted in a non-conductive open loop.
Highlights
Laser ablation of polymers has been studied since the early 1980s [1]
Graphene structures were produced on polyimide surface through a single scan of CO2 laser beam under air atmosphere
The electrical resistance of the laser irradiation line was dominated by the graphene structures generated at the irradiation line center instead of uniformly across the whole line width; the dominant electrically conductive center line width was about half of the laser spot diameter
Summary
Laser ablation of polymers has been studied since the early 1980s [1]. Ultraviolet laser ablation of polyimide films in air is a multiphoton excitation process resulting in polyimide photochemical decomposition into oxides of carbon and elemental carbon, etc. [2,3]. Ultraviolet laser ablation of polyimide films in air is a multiphoton excitation process resulting in polyimide photochemical decomposition into oxides of carbon and elemental carbon, etc. The electrical conductivity of polyimide can increase up to 15~16 orders of magnitude under the irradiation of ultraviolet laser [5]. Graphene stacked structures in polyimide film was observed under CO2 laser irradiation [6]. Laser-inducing graphene on polyimide has attracted much attention [7]. The combination of graphene and polyimide has made polyimide film even more fascinating for applications in microelectronics and sensing, such as supercapacitor energy storage devices [7,10] and stretchable sensors [7,11]
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