Electrical Property of Graphene and Its Application to Electrochemical Biosensing.

Jin-Ho Lee,Jeong-Woo Choi,Soo-Jeong Park

doi:10.3390/nano9020297

Abstract

Graphene, a single atom thick layer of two-dimensional closely packed honeycomb carbon lattice, and its derivatives have attracted much attention in the field of biomedical, due to its unique physicochemical properties. The valuable physicochemical properties, such as high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, remarkable biocompatibility and ease of surface functionalization have shown great potentials in the applications of graphene-based bioelectronics devices, including electrochemical biosensors for biomarker analysis. In this review, we will provide a selective overview of recent advances on synthesis methods of graphene and its derivatives, as well as its application to electrochemical biosensor development. We believe the topics discussed here are useful, and able to provide a guideline in the development of novel graphene and on graphene-like 2-dimensional (2D) materials based biosensors in the future.

Highlights

Graphene, a single 2-dimensional (2D) layer of a hexagonal structure consisting of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, and its derivatives have received increasing attention in biomedical fields, due to its unique physicochemical properties
Ever since the discovery of graphene by Geim and Novoselov in 2004, numerous approach has been conducted to utilize graphene as transducing material to improve the performance of electrochemical sensors [6,44]
Graphene and its derivatives modified electrodes have exhibited excellent electrochemical behavior in terms of their high surface area and active electron transfer sites [7], which makes graphene as a promising electrode material to improve the performance of graphene and its derivatives based electrochemical biosensors

Summary

Introduction

A single 2-dimensional (2D) layer of a hexagonal structure consisting of sp hybridized carbon atoms, and its derivatives have received increasing attention in biomedical fields, due to its unique physicochemical properties. This feature includes a high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, strong mechanical strength, unparalleled thermal conductivity, and ease of surface functionalization (Table 1) [1,2,3,4,5]. We will provide a selective overview of the recent advances on the synthesis methods of graphene and its derivatives, as well as its application in the electrochemical biosensor, which covers small molecule, nucleic acid/protein, and live cell-based sensing. We hope that this review will inspire interest from various disciplines and highlight an important field wherein the advanced graphene-based electrochemical sensor is making great strides towards biomedical applications

Synthesis of Graphene

Thermal Decomposition and Chemical Vapor Deposition Method

Application to Electrochemical Sensing

Small Molecule Sensing

Findings

Live Cell-based Sensing