Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the carbon-based nanomaterial type on the electrical properties of cement paste. Three different nanomaterials, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphite nanofibers (GNFs), and graphene (G), were incorporated into the cement paste at a volume fraction of 1%. The self-sensing capacity of the cement composites was also investigated by comparing the compressive stress/strain behaviors by evaluating the fractional change of resistivity (FCR). The electrical resistivity of the plain cement paste was slightly reduced by adding 1 vol % GNFs and G, whereas a significant decrease of the resistivity was achieved by adding 1 vol % MWCNTs. At an identical volume fraction of 1%, the composites with MWCNTs provided the best self-sensing capacity with insignificant noise, followed by the composites containing GNFs and G. Therefore, the addition of MWCNTs was considered to be the most effective to improve the self-sensing capacity of the cement paste. Finally, the composites with 1 vol % MWCNTs exhibited a gauge factor of 113.2, which is much higher than commercially available strain gauges.
Highlights
In recent years, structural health monitoring (SHM) of reinforced concrete (RC) structures has attracted attention from researchers and engineers [1,2]
Electrical Resistivity of Cement Composites Containing Various Nanomaterials Considering the CuringItAge is well-known that the electrical resistivity of cement-based composites varies with age due to
Is because the pore helps establish a conductive nanomaterials changes as the curing age increases if the amount of nanomaterials included is below the percolation threshold
Summary
Structural health monitoring (SHM) of reinforced concrete (RC) structures has attracted attention from researchers and engineers [1,2]. The main concept of cement-based sensors is to produce cement composites as a conductive material, and the stress or strain state in the composites can be predicted by measuring the changes in electrical resistivity. Most previous studies have evaluated the electrical or self-sensing capacities of cement composites including a single type of nanomaterial or ordinary carbon-based materials such as steel or carbon fibers. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are limited published studies [14] investigating the comparative self-sensing capacities of cement composites with various recently developed nanomaterials such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene (G), and graphite nanofibers (GNFs). A gauge factor corresponding to the sensing sensitivity of the composites with MWCNTs was suggested
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