Abstract
In the present work, novel blend polymer electrolyte membranes using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), doped with hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) and reinforced with porous niobium oxide (Nb2O5) microparticles in different compositions were prepared by the solution-casting technique. Their phase behavior and ionic conductivity were studied by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and impedance spectroscopy (IS) in the radio-frequency range. Using a constant H3PO2/PVA weigh ratio of 0.25, it was found that the water content in the blended hydrogel membranes increased with increasing the filler Nb2O5 content, thus increasing the electrical conductivity. However, the suitable weight ratio of Nb2O5:(H3PO2/PVA) for the blend performance (both mechanically and electrically) was x = 0.075, with a maximum ionic conductivity of 2.7 × 10﹣3 S·cm﹣1 at 120°C. For all blends prepared, the lost tangent plots show asymmetrical peaks, as a consequence of correlations in the mobile ion diffusion as a function of frequency. Although this “universal dynamic response” was observed at all temperatures, variations in the tan(δ) relaxation peaks indicate a decrease of ionic correlation when the temperature is increased. Both the dc conductivity and tan(δ) peaks frequency dependency are thermally activated, following an Arrhenius-type behavior with activation energy of the same order, indicating that the corresponding ionic processes have the same origin, i.e., proton jump among available sites in the polymer matrix. The additions of oxide particles to the membranes improve their thermal and electrical properties, attributed to an approximation effect.
Highlights
Polymers and polymeric composites have steadily gained growing importance in our daily life
Solid polymer electrolyte membranes using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), doped with hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) and reinforced with porous niobium oxide (Nb2O5) microparticles in different compositions were prepared by the solution-casting technique
The ionic conductivity of the developed films was measured by AC impedance technique
Summary
Polymers and polymeric composites have steadily gained growing importance in our daily life. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a hydrophilic, biodegradable and non-toxic synthetic polymer, has been widely used in different areas of research, development and production. These extend from solid state electrochemistry applications (fuel cell, batteries, and electrochromic devices) [1]-[4] to the biological and medical fields. All the three configurations co-exist, but in general, with s-PVA as the prominent phase (as much as 53% - 62% content [5] [7]) It seems that, under favorable conditions, the sequential distribution of OH groups in either side to backbone in s-PVA can be explored to design a regular bridging with water molecule in a layer structure
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