Abstract
Upon tearing off polymer films from metals and glasses phenomena are observed which testify to the apparition of high differences of potentials between the interfaces formed. In particular, if the film is stripped under vacuum, electron emission is observed with electron velocities of the order of kilovolts. These phenomena are due to division upon stripping of the double electric layer, formed upon close contact between the polymer and the substrate, and to retardation of its discharge. The same retardation of the discharge of the double layer may explain quantitatively both the high value of the work spent on tearing off the film, the dependence of the latter on the speed of stripping and on the pressure of surrounding gas. Similar phenomena were found to take place during the destruction of many crystalline (but not amorphous) solids and are explained by the formation and division of an alternating-sign double layer of mosaic structure.
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