Abstract
The parameters of arcs in metallic vapors in vacuum and at atmospheric pressure are analyzed. It is shown that, in high vacuum, the arc power is released in the near-electrode regions. In short welding arcs, most of the power is released in the near-electrode regions and a smaller part of the power is released in an arc column radiating into the environment. In long arcs of electric arc steel-melting furnaces, only 4–11% power is released in the near-electrode regions and 89–96% power is released in an arc column that radiates the intra-furnace space.
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