Abstract
This paper reports experimental electrical conductivities data of eight binary systems of four ionic liquids: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Bmim][BF4], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Hmim][BF4], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [Bmim][PF6] and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Bmmim][BF4] with the organic solvents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (ACN) at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 298.15 to 328.15 K. It was found that conductivities in the investigated ionic liquids follow the order: [Bmim][BF4] ] [Bmim][PF6] ][Bmmim][BF4] ] [Hmim][BF4]. Experimental results demonstrate that the binary mixtures possess higher electrical conductivity compared with pure components. Electrical conductivity data were correlated using Casteel�Amis and Arrhenius equations. The molar conductivity was derived from experimental data and fitted to Walden rule. The influence of the cation structure and anion type on the conductivity was discussed, which help understanding the intermolecular interactions in the binary systems. A deeper understanding of the transport behavior of ILs is given by means of density functional theory calculations (DFT)
Highlights
Ionic liquids (ILs), known as molten salts, represent a new class of solvents with potential to replace volatile organic solvents within the chemical and related industries
The organic solvents used in this study are polar substances which belong to the class 2 (ACN) and 3 (DMSO) of solvents, according to the classification used in pharmaceutical industry; ACN was chosen due to its wide applicability in electrochemistry and physical chemistry of electrolyte solutions [6-9] and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), for its extensive use in many chemical processes, biology and medicine [14,15]
Decrease of the electrical conductivity for ILs with longer alkyl chain length is in accordance with the fact that electrical conductivity largely depends on the viscosity of the system [31]
Summary
Ionic liquids (ILs), known as molten salts, represent a new class of solvents with potential to replace volatile organic solvents within the chemical and related industries. Their strengths come from their negligible volatility, nonflammability, excellent thermal and chemical stability, high solubility, high ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical potential window. These properties recommend them as electrolytic materials in electrochemical devices [1], solvents/adsorbents for capture of greenhouse gases like CO2 [2], solvents in catalysis [3] or in synthesis of metallic oxides [4], etc. We consider the structure, size and shape of constitutive ions of ionic liquids, and the interactions between ILs and organic solvents
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