Abstract
In a single-layered structure of ITO/Alq3/Al device, electrical conductive mechanism of organic light-emitting diodes were studied depending on the surface roughness of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) layer. Several different sizes of holes on boat and several different deposition rates were employed in evaporating the organic materials. It was found that the hole size of the crucible boat and the evaporation rate affects the surface roughness of Alq3 layer as well as the performance of the device. When the hole size of crucible boat and the deposition rate of Alq3 are 1.0 mm and 2.5 Å/s, respectively, an average surface roughness of the Alq3 layer is lower and the efficiency of the device is higher than the ones made with other conditions. From the analysis of current density-luminance-voltage characteristics of the device, it was able to identify four conductive mechanisms depending on the voltage region. It was found that a coefficient βST in Schottky region is 3.28 × 10−24, a coefficient βPF in Poole-Frenkel region is 6.33 × 10−24, and a potential barrier ϕFN in Fowler-Nordheim region is 0.32 eV.
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