Abstract
AbstractThe radiation‐induced grafting of methacrylic acid on to polyethylene films was applied to the synthesis of ion‐exchange membranes. The grafting yield increased at first then decreased with the increase in the irradiation dose. The surface area, thickness, volume, and the water uptake of the grafted film increased linearly with the increase in grafting yield. The distribution pattern of carboxyl groups of graft chains in the direction of film thickness followed by EPMA line profiles of potassium which combined with carboxyl groups showed that a homogeneous distribution was not obtained until the grafting yield was more than 10%. When DC current was supplied to the membrane in NaOH solution, the reciprocal of the electric resistance increased with the increase in NaOH concentration. The specific electric resistance decreased exponentially with the increase in the content of ionic functional groups in the membrane. The steady state concentration of Na+ in catholyte and the current efficiency were ca. 15 and 20%, respectively.
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