Electrical and magnetic properties of 6H-BaTiO3−δ B site doped: The case of double cation couple (Fe3+Mo6+) and (Fe3+W6+)

Abstract

• The BaTi 0.5 (Fe 0.33 M 0.17 )O 3−δ (M = Mo or W) ceramic were prepared by solid state reaction. • The conductivity was analyzed by the jump relaxation model and fitted to the double power law. • A slim unsaturated M-H loop for both ceramics is observed. BaTiO 3 ceramics doped with double cation couple (Fe 3+ , Mo 6+ ) or (Fe 3+ , W 6+ ) are fabricated via solid-state reaction technology with 6H-[BaTi 0.5 (Fe 0.33 M 0.17 )O 3−δ (M = Mo or W)] as a chemical formula. The effects of (Fe 3+ , M 6+ ) dopants on the electrical and magnetic properties are systematically studied. In this work, the working temperature range and frequency range are: 320 K < T < 700 K and 10 3 Hz < f < 10 6 Hz, respectively. The highest value of ε’ can be associated to the presence of many types of polarizations mechanisms. The hopping relaxation model was used to study the variation of conductivity with frequency and fit to the dual power law. The materials' electrical conductivity has been examined and analyzed over a wide range of frequencies at selected temperatures. The magnetism observed in the doped compositions is strongly influenced by the nature of the second phase detected, resulting in an enhanced magnetic effect in the case of 6H-[BaTi 0.5 (Fe 0.33 Fe 0.17 )O 3−δ . The contributions of microstructures and defects to magnetism and conduction were clarified in this study. It is critical for a correct understanding of the electrical and magnetic properties of 6H-BaTiO3-related ceramics, as well as process modification to optimize ceramic performance.