Electric vehicles and the operation of multi-carrier energy systems in the smart grid: a review study

Abstract

Smart grids have been connected to energy hubs (EHs) with a range of energy carriers and storage capacity to increase the efficiency, flexibility, and dependability of the energy system. One of the most challenging problems in smart grids nowadays is the scheduling of EHs. Although the interaction of several devices, such as EHs and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs), can help improve their performance, developing such intricately interwoven systems is difficult. In this paper, with the help of several papers, the impact of EVCSs on the optimal operation of EHs is investigated, despite the uncertainty surrounding electric vehicle charging behaviours. Additionally, the formulation concerning the energy hub's component parts, electric vehicles (EVs) in a single hub, and interconnected hubs is investigated. In addition, some simulation results from reviewed papers are presented and analyzed in this paper. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the effects of EVCS on the optimal management of EHs. Furthermore, some models of energy hubs integrated by EVCS are presented, and a numerical analysis is conducted to examine the function of EVCS in conjunction with electrical and thermal storage systems.