Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) have become more popular due to their excellent efficiency and pollution-free benefits. The technology requirements for onboard chargers are increasing as the number of electric vehicles increases. This research proposes a fractional-order sliding mode controller (FOSMC) for power converters to improve the efficiency of the onboard battery charger. The Harris Hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm chooses the FOSMC parameters. Independent controllers are used in a two-stage charging scheme. The grid-side ac–dc converter helps to smooth the current and voltage in the dc bus while reducing the harmonic frequency in the grid. A dc-dc converter with a constant current–constant voltage curve regulates the charging parameters of the battery on the battery side. Experiments show that HHO-based FOSMC improves the overall dynamic response of the onboard battery charger. Moreover, the proposed method performs with a current total harmonic distortion (THD) of less than 2 %. The proposed method improves 98% efficiency than existing methods such as SSA-PID and SSA- FOAFPIDF controllers.
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