Electric Spark Discharges in Water: Light Leptonic Magnetic Monopoles and Catalysis of Ordinary Beta Decays in an Extended Standard Model

Abstract

Abstract The topic of this article is “research of accidents induced by supersonic electric spark discharges in water”. Experiments referring to such accidents were published by Urutskoev et al. in 2000 and Urutskoev in 2004. According to Urutskoev these spark discharges should be accompanied by the emission of a new kind of particles, namely leptonic magnetic monopoles, predicted by Lochak in 1985. Later, Lochak considered these monopoles as excited neutrinos. Both Lochak and Urutskoev supposed that these particles can influence weak decays and nuclear transmutations and that by catalysis the monopole effect can be amplified, leading to macroscopic effects, i.e. accidents. Spark discharges in water are connected with CP-symmetry-breaking, forcing the introduction of an extended standard model described in previous papers. There also, a mechanism of the catalytic effect was discussed, which is further studied in this article. For the selected unstable nuclear element Mn 25 51 ${}_{25}^{51}\text{Mn}$ , the effect is demonstrated and numerically evaluated. A simple non-relativistic nuclear state description is applied for these low-energy processes. The extension of these calculations to other unstable nuclei requires higher calculational effort and is not done in this paper. However, the extraordinarily strong catalytic power of the monopoles revealed by the numerical calculation of the above example suggests looking for macroscopic effects of monopoles as an explanation for accidents, for instance, the catastrophe of Chernobyl, which has been the origin of monopole research. A short review of the corresponding experimental observations connected with this accident is also given in this article.