Abstract
The equations for gradient of electric field in seawater induced by gradients of salinity, temperature and pressure were developed by means of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Extrathermodynamic assumptions and accepted chemical model of seawater permit to carry out numerical calculations of electric field caused by diffusion, thermodiffusion and barodiffusion for realistic hydrophysical structure of the ocean. It is shown that contribution of barodiffusion into electric field of the ocean is almost constant (about -3 × 10-7 V/M). This magnitude can be ignored in many cases because it is too small. However natural salinity and temperature gradients significantly impact into electric field of the ocean.
Highlights
IntroductionNatural electromagnetic fields in the ocean have two types of the sources: external (ionospheric and magnetospheric current systems) and internal one [1]
Natural electromagnetic fields in the ocean have two types of the sources: external and internal one [1]
The thermodiffusion properties of the 0.7 m NaCl have been used for estimation of the thermodiffusion potential in seawater
Summary
Natural electromagnetic fields in the ocean have two types of the sources: external (ionospheric and magnetospheric current systems) and internal one [1]. Internal source of electromagnetic field is the dynamo interaction of moving seawater with the Earth’s magnetic field [2]. From this point of view, seawater is considered as conducting continuum only and physical theory is used for suggested experiments and for interpretation of experimental data [3] [4]. Thermodynamics of electrolyte solutions experimentally and theoretically well establishes existence electric fields induced by gradients of concentrations, temperature and pressure (for example, [5]). This paper attempts to partly eliminate gap between physics and electrochemistry in the study of electromagnetic field of the ocean. Some results have been published elsewhere [6] [7]
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