Abstract
Abstract Ultramicroelectrodes fabricated by electron-beam lithography (width and height between 200 nm and 1 μm) are used for active alteration of the adherence properties of surfaces. We show that a.c. electric fields of low amplitudes (≈ 1 V) and high frequencies (> 1 MHz) can repel living cells and suspended microparticles. To reduce heat production and improved biorepellance, the electrodes are embedded in or insulated by thin dielectric layers (several hundred nanometres). These devices can possibly be used to keep sensor surfaces clean and they are an alternative way of producing bio-repellant surfaces.
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