Abstract
This paper presents the electric field distribution and current emission in a vacuum nano-diode. The electric field is calculated exactly inside a finite vacuum cathode-anode (A-K) gap with a single trapezoid protrusion on one of the electrode surface. It is found there is strong field enhancement on both electrodes near the protrusion, when the ratio of the A-K gap distance to the protrusion height d/h < 2. We calculate the effective field enhancement factor for the field emission current, by integrating the local Fowler-Nordheim current density along the electrode surfaces. Both the electric field enhancement and the current rectification of the miniaturized geometrical diode are studied.
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