Abstract

Several magnetic properties have recently become tunable with an applied electric field. Particularly, electrically controlled magnetic phase transitions and/or magnetic moments have attracted attention because they are the most fundamental parameters in ferromagnetic materials. In this study, we showed that an electric field can be used to control the magnetic moment in films made of Pd, usually a non-magnetic element. Pd ultra-thin films were deposited on ferromagnetic Pt/Co layers. In the Pd layer, a ferromagnetically ordered magnetic moment was induced by the ferromagnetic proximity effect. By applying an electric field to the ferromagnetic surface of this Pd layer, a clear change was observed in the magnetic moment, which was measured directly using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. The results indicate that magnetic moments extrinsically induced in non-magnetic elements by the proximity effect, as well as an intrinsically induced magnetic moments in ferromagnetic elements, as reported previously, are electrically tunable. The results of this study suggest a new avenue for answering the fundamental question of “can an electric field make naturally non-magnetic materials ferromagnetic?”

Highlights

  • Several magnetic properties have recently become tunable with an applied electric field

  • Samples without a Pd layer (Pt/Co samples) were prepared as reference samples to confirm that the magnetic moment was induced in a Pd layer of Pt/Co/ Pd samples by the ferromagnetic proximity effect before applying an electric field

  • As shown in the figure, the ms/S values of the Pt/Co/Pd samples were greater than those of the Pt/Co samples for all tCo values, indicating that a magnetic moment was induced in the Pd layer

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Summary

Introduction

Several magnetic properties have recently become tunable with an applied electric field. In the Pd layer, a ferromagnetically ordered magnetic moment was induced by the ferromagnetic proximity effect. By applying an electric field to the ferromagnetic surface of this Pd layer, a clear change was observed in the magnetic moment, which was measured directly using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. The results of this study suggest a new avenue for answering the fundamental question of “can an electric field make naturally non-magnetic materials ferromagnetic?”. We prepared Pt/Co/Pd structures and observed a clear change in their magnetic moments as a result of applying an electric field to the ferromagnetic surface of the Pd layer. The results indicate that the magnetic moment extrinsically induced in non-magnetic elements by the proximity effect is electrically tunable

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