Electric-field assisted ring-opening polymerization: On the kinetics and product properties of DGEBA/aniline model system

Abstract

This work demonstrates the effect of a high dc bias field (up to 160 kV/cm) on the polyaddition reaction of the modeled epoxy resin system. Polymerization of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) supported by high electric field results in obtaining epoxides with significantly increased molecular weight, which is seven-fold higher than the zero-field reference ( M n = 4.7 kg/mol). We also found a markedly reduced dispersity ( Ð = 1.52 at 0 kV/cm, Đ = 1.21 at 160 kV/cm). The molecular weight and dispersity of obtained polymers change almost linearly with the reaction time. By following polymerization kinetics in the real-time of the experiment, via dielectric spectroscopy, we observe slowing down the reaction progress at dc fields of E = 160 kV/cm, compared to the zero-field case, E = 0 kV/cm. The polymer materials obtained in the presence/absence of static electric fields exhibit distinctly different glass transition temperatures. Our study highlights a better control over the reaction and product properties attained by using only the magnitude of the applied field as the control variable. Thus, a high electric field could provide an alternative pathway in synthesizing and developing advanced polymer materials using simpler, “green”, less-expensive, and technologically demanding approaches.