Electric Charge as the Source of CP Violation

Abstract

Georgi-Glashow model. \V e use the Hamiltonian method of quantization, because we feel that this is the only systematic way of quantization. Of course for limited purposes the semiclassical quantization method of Bohr-Sommerfeld may suffice. The trick to use then is to introduce temporal periodicity into the theory, say, by the special gauge choice, 3J .!l0 (r= oo) =0. We witness the emergence of an arbitrary angle in the quantized theory, which breaks CP invariance. A careful study shows that this angle has its origin in the non-trivial topology of the gauge field, which in turn is due to the existence of charge. We demonstrate that this angle has nothing to do with instantons by shov,-ing that in spite of the fact that pure gauge theories have instantons, m the presence of Higgs fields, they disappear; they are replaced by finite energy configurations. Gauge theories can be consistently canonically quantized in the 'lo = 0 gauge. vVe have checked the consistency of this approach by showing that Schwinger algebra is undisturbed by this non-Lorentz invariant method of quantization and by the presence of charged sectors. **l For completeness and logical continuity of this paper vve include a systematic reproduction of Witten's proof of the fJ dependence of the dyon charge, thus