Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Battery Technologies: Advancements and Challenges

Abstract

This study investigates the ever-evolving realm of electric and hybrid vehicle battery technologies, encompassing their advancements, challenges, and profound implications. Lithium-ion batteries, renowned for their heightened energy density and extended life cycles, serve as the cornerstone of electric and hybrid vehicles. Ongoing research endeavors drive innovations such as silicon anodes and solid-state electrolytes, offering the promise of improved efficiency and performance. Nonetheless, substantial hurdles emerge, including the scarcity and price volatility of critical materials like cobalt and nickel, which have the potential to obstruct the scalability of electric vehicles. Environmental concerns associated with battery production and disposal necessitate sustainable solutions, while energy density limitations persist, impacting driving range and charging times and urging the pursuit of breakthroughs. These technologies are reshaping the automotive sector, driven by global emissions regulations and incentives that accelerate the transition toward cleaner transportation. Electric and hybrid vehicles hold the potential to significantly curtail greenhouse gas emissions and combat air pollution, aligning seamlessly with worldwide sustainability objectives. Addressing these challenges is pivotal to fully realizing the potential of electric and hybrid vehicle battery technologies, paving the way for a cleaner and more ecologically mindful era of transportation.