Abstract
Microfluidic devices are widely used for cell analysis, including applications for single-cell analysis, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and organs-on-a-chip that mimic organs in microfluidics. Moreover, to enable high-throughput cell analysis, real-time monitoring, and non-invasive cell assays, electric and electrochemical systems have been incorporated into microfluidic devices. In this mini-review, we summarize recent advances in these systems, with applications from single cells to three-dimensional cultured cells and organs-on-a-chip. First, we summarize microfluidic devices combined with dielectrophoresis, electrophoresis, and electrowetting-on-a-dielectric for cell manipulation. Next, we review electric and electrochemical assays of cells to determine chemical section activity, and oxygen and glucose consumption activity, among other applications. In addition, we discuss recent devices designed for the electric and electrochemical collection of cell components from cells. Finally, we highlight the future directions of research in this field and their application prospects.
Highlights
Cell analysis is essential for healthcare and environmental monitoring, and has recently benefited from the organs-on-a-chip technique that can effectively mimic organs and their microfluidics (Bhatia and Ingber, 2014; Rogal et al, 2017)
The DEP technique was combined with a bipolar electrode system, and the cells were manipulated in a microfluidic device via electrode arrays in the absence of ohmic contacts (Anand et al, 2015)
As an application of the technique for cell analysis, droplets containing cells and chemicals were manipulated in a microfluidic device for the isolation of a single cell for subsequent RNA purification and gene expression analysis (Rival et al, 2014)
Summary
Cell analysis is essential for healthcare and environmental monitoring, and has recently benefited from the organs-on-a-chip technique that can effectively mimic organs and their microfluidics (Bhatia and Ingber, 2014; Rogal et al, 2017). Yeast cells were trapped using electrophoresis, and a reporter protein was electrochemically evaluated using the electrode (Yasukawa et al, 2008; Ino et al, 2009). The DEP technique was combined with a bipolar electrode system, and the cells were manipulated in a microfluidic device via electrode arrays in the absence of ohmic contacts (Anand et al, 2015). As an application of the technique for cell analysis, droplets containing cells and chemicals were manipulated in a microfluidic device for the isolation of a single cell for subsequent RNA purification and gene expression analysis (Rival et al, 2014).
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