Abstract
Does electoral fraud affect development? In a weak institutional environment the answer is not obvious. This paper demonstrates that electoral fraud can lower development and this effect is mediated through the partisan control of electoral institutions and the resultant ability of the incumbent to reshape electoral constituencies (strategic use of weak institutions). This paper identifies a form of electoral fraud in India in which parties register non-citizens as voters closer to the international border. Electoral constituencies are reshaped because the oversight of electoral roll cleaning is strategic; lax in a border state where the incumbent national party and the state party are allies and strict in a border state where the incumbent national party and the state party are non-allies. Finally the paper indicates poorer development outcomes in regions where non-citizens are used for electoral support.
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