Elective tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated children in Canada

Abstract

To determine the current practice and opinions of paediatric intensivists in Canada regarding tracheostomy in children with potentially reversible conditions which are anticipated to require prolonged mechanical ventilation. Self-administered survey among paediatric intensivists within paediatrics critical care units (PCCU) across Canada. All 16 PCCUs participated in the survey with a response rate of 81% (63 physicians). In 14 of 16 centres one to five tracheostomies were performed during 2006. Two centres did not perform any tracheostomies. The overall rate of tracheostomy is less than 1.5%. Percutaneous technique is used in 3/16 (19%) of centres. Readiness to undertake tracheostomy during the first 21[Symbol: see text]days of illness is influenced by patient diagnosis; severe traumatic brain injury 66% vs. 42% in a 2-year-old with Guillain-Barré syndrome, 48% in a 9-year-old with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and 12% in a child with isolated ARDS. In a child with ARDS 25% of respondents would never consider tracheostomy. Age does not affect timing nor keenness for tracheostomy. The majority, 81%, believe that the risks associated with the procedure do not outweigh the potential benefits. Finally, 51% believe that tracheostomy is underutilized in children. Elective tracheostomy is rarely performed among ventilated children in Canada. However, 51% of physicians believe it is underutilized. The role of elective tracheostomy and the percutaneous technique in children requires further investigation.